Close Go back Collapse all sections
Process Data set: canola grain production | no tillage | Cutoff, U - BR -South (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location BR-Southern grid
Geographical representativeness description The inventory is modelled for the south region of Brazil, mainly Rio Grande do Sul and Parana states.
Reference year 2019
Name
canola grain production | no tillage | Cutoff, U - BR -South
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 011:Growing of non-perennial crops / 0111:Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds
General comment on data set This dataset represents the production of 1 kg of canola grain in average with 16% moisture content, produced in the South region of Brazil, mainly Rio Grande do Sul and Paraná states. Accoding to Conab (2021), this region is reponsable for all the canola grain produced in Brazil. The average annual yield conidered for the calculations is 1371 kg/ha (CONAB, 2019). This activity represents the production of canola grain in a no tillage and non-irrigated cropping system, as a second crop, mainly after soybean. Land occupation and liming are shared with the previous main crop, and related to the period of time that canola use the land for production. The total amount of mineral fertilizers (N-P-K) and pesticides pesticides applied are in accodance to a regional survey by De Mori et al. (2019) and Masaro Junior et al. (2019). The dataset includes lime an gypisum, mineral fertilisers, and pesticides inputs. Agricultural operations are also included: limestone and gypsum application, by spreader; application of plant protection product, by field sprayer; planting with starter fertiliser, by no till planter; fertilising, by broadcaster; and combine harvesting. Direct field emissions of greenhouse gas and heavy metals, among other emissions are included, considering for the calculations the following references: Canals, (2003); IPCC, (2006); Nemecek and Schnetzer, (2012), Nemecek et al., (2015). The activity ends after harvest at the farm gate. Main references as follow: COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO – CONAB. Acompanhamento da safra brasileira grãos, v. 7 – safra 2019/20 – Primeiro levantamento, Brasília, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.conab.gov.br/info-agro/safras/graos. Acesso em: 10 out. 2019 DE MORI, C.; FERREIRA, P. E. P.; MARSARO JUNIOR, A. L.; TOMM, G. O.; COSTAMILAN, L. M.; VARGAS, L.; SILVA, F. A. N.; PEREIRA, P. R. V. da S. Levantamento de tecnologias empregadas no cultivo de canola pelos produtores do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Minas Gerais. Passo Fundo: Embrapa Trigo, 2019. 56 p. (Embrapa Trigo. Documentos online, 181). Disponível em: https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/205197/1/ID44766-2019DO181.pdf . Acesso em: 14 out. 2019. FOLEGATTI-MATSUURA, M. I. S.; PICOLI, J. F. Life Cycle Inventories of Agriculture, Forestry and Animal Husbandry – Brazil. 2018. Zürich, Switzerland: p. 1-143. MARSARO JUNIOR, A. L.; DE MORI, C.; FERREIRA, P. E. P.; TOMM, G. O.; PICANÇO, M. C.; PEREIRA, P. R. V. da S. Caracterização do manejo de insetos-praga da canola adotado por produtores no Rio Grande do Sul e no Paraná. Passo Fundo, RS: Embrapa Trigo, 2019. (Embrapa Trigo. Documentos, 182) Disponível em: https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/1120082/1/Doc182Albertocompletojun19.pdf. Acesso em: 14 out. 2019. CANALS, L. M. Contributions to LCA methodology for agricultural systems: site dependency and soil degradation impact assessment. 2003. Tese (Doutorado) - Unitat de Química Física, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanha, 2003. CASTRO, A. M. C.; BOARETTO, A. E. Teores e acúmulo de nutrientes em função da população de plantas de canola. Scientia Agraria, Volume 5:1-2, 2004, p. 95-101. NEMECEK, T., BENGOA, X., LANSCHE J., MOURON, P., RIEDENER, E., ROSSI, V., HUMBERT, S. Methodological Guidelines for the Life Cycle Inventory of Agricultural Products. Version 3.0, World Food LCA Database (WFLDB), Quantis and Agroscope, Lausanne and Zurich, Switzerland, 2015.  
Copyright No
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2020
Time representativeness description Time period during most of the data were collected for this dataset.
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system Cultivation of canola grains as a second harvest in no till cropping system (e.g. soybean followed by canola).
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, black box
LCI Method Principle Other
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None.
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None.
Sampling procedure The main source of data for agricultural inputs and operations are projects conducted by Embrapa Trigo (CNPT), informed in a survey about canola crop technologies by De Mori et al. (2019). Data are also provided by relevant experts related to agricultural sector of canola in Brazil. Emissions from the agricultural process are estimated according to Nemecek and Schnetzer (2011) and Canals (2003). Brazilian canola grain production is concentrated in the states of Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul representing almost 100% of the total production in BR, according to Conab (2021). The following sources were considered and converted, when possible: COMPANHIA NACIONAL DE ABASTECIMENTO – CONAB. Acompanhamento da safra brasileira grãos, v. 7 – safra 2019/20 – Primeiro levantamento, Brasília, 2019. Disponível em: https://www.conab.gov.br/info-agro/safras/graos. Acesso em: 10 out. 2019 DE MORI, C.; FERREIRA, P. E. P.; MARSARO JUNIOR, A. L.; TOMM, G. O.; COSTAMILAN, L. M.; VARGAS, L.; SILVA, F. A. N.; PEREIRA, P. R. V. da S. Levantamento de tecnologias empregadas no cultivo de canola pelos produtores do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Minas Gerais. Passo Fundo: Embrapa Trigo, 2019. 56 p. (Embrapa Trigo. Documentos online, 181). Disponível em: https://ainfo.cnptia.embrapa.br/digital/bitstream/item/205197/1/ID44766-2019DO181.pdf . Acesso em: 14 out. 2019. FOLEGATTI-MATSUURA, M. I. S.; PICOLI, J. F. Life Cycle Inventories of Agriculture, Forestry and Animal Husbandry – Brazil. 2018. Zürich, Switzerland: p. 1-143. MARSARO JUNIOR, A. L.; DE MORI, C.; FERREIRA, P. E. P.; TOMM, G. O.; PICANÇO, M. C.; PEREIRA, P. R. V. da S. Caracterização do manejo de insetos-praga da canola adotado por produtores no Rio Grande do Sul e no Paraná. Passo Fundo, RS: Embrapa Trigo, 2019. (Embrapa Trigo. Documentos, 182) Disponível em: https://www.infoteca.cnptia.embrapa.br/infoteca/bitstream/doc/1120082/1/Doc182Albertocompletojun19.pdf. Acesso em: 14 out. 2019. CANALS, L. M. Contributions to LCA methodology for agricultural systems: site dependency and soil degradation impact assessment. 2003. Tese (Doutorado) - Unitat de Química Física, Departament de Química, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Espanha, 2003. NEMECEK, T., BENGOA, X., LANSCHE J., MOURON, P., RIEDENER, E., ROSSI, V., HUMBERT, S. Methodological Guidelines for the Life Cycle Inventory of Agricultural Products. Version 3.0, World Food LCA Database (WFLDB), Quantis and Agroscope, Lausanne and Zurich, Switzerland, 2015.
Data collection period Data was collected from 07/2019 to 07/2020
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Validation
Type of review
Not reviewed
Reviewer name and institution
Commissioner and goal
Project Life Cycle Inventory of canola production and bioproducts in the South Region of Brazil - a contribution to SCVI Brasil (CNPq-MCTIC)
Data generator
Data set generator / modeller
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2021-12-13T17:35:00.997-02:00
Data set format(s)
Data entry by
Publication and ownership
UUID 3adb3560-3318-3478-bc90-f94153129c8e
Date of last revision 2021-12-13T17:34:34.446-02:00
Data set version 03.07.098
Copyright No

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms / 2012:Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 0.03246 kg0.03246 kg
General comment Amount for typical system according to "Levantamento de tecnologias empregadas no cultivo de canola pelos produtores do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Minas Gerais" - De Mori et al. (2019).
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 016:Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities / 0161:Support activities for crop production 0.8019999999999999 m20.8019999999999999 m2
General comment Agricultural operation according to Chagas et al.(2018), and productivity 1371kg/ha (Conab, 2019). It is asssumed that application occur every 3 years (amount of lime/3), and 1/3 of of the amount is alocated to canola, considering a cropping system where canola occupies the ground in average for four months.
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 22:Manufacture of rubber and plastics products / 222:Manufacture of plastics products / 2220:Manufacture of plastics products 0.4348 kg0.4348 kg
General comment According to the approach of Folegatti and Picoli (2018) for grains ICVs BR, the total amount of active substance/s needed for packing is estimated to be the double of the fertilizer. Total amount of active substance/s of fertilisers' is calculated to be 0.2174 kg/kg of canola (lime not included). Therefore, 0.4348 kg of packaging material is estimated to be needed.
Product flow
7.3 m27.3 m2
General comment Agricultural operation according to Chagas et al.(2018), and productivity of 1371 kg/ha (Conab, 2019).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 22:Manufacture of rubber and plastics products / 222:Manufacture of plastics products / 2220:Manufacture of plastics products 0.001218 kg0.001218 kg
General comment According to the approach of Folegatti and Picoli (2018) for grains ICVs BR, the total amount of active substance/s needed for packing is estimated to be the double of the pesticides. Total amount of active substance/s of pesticide' is calculated to be 0.00061 kg/kg of canola). Therefore, 0.00122 kg of packaging material is estimated to be needed.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 016:Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities / 0161:Support activities for crop production 7.29 m27.29 m2
General comment Agricultural operation according to Chagas et al.(2018), and productivity of 1371 kg/ha (Conab, 2019).
Product flow
0.088003 kg0.088003 kg
General comment Amount for typical system according to "Levantamento de tecnologias empregadas no cultivo de canola pelos produtores do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Minas Gerais" - De Mori et al. (2019). The exchange has been updated from 'urea, as N' into 'urea' and therefore its amount has been scaled (multiplied) from 0.0404814 kg by 2.1438 kg of 'urea' per kg of 'urea, as N'. Original comment of the exchange is: Urea as Nitrogen fertiliser.
Product flow
0.17597 kg0.17597 kg
General comment Amount for typical system according to "Levantamento de tecnologias empregadas no cultivo de canola pelos produtores do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Minas Gerais" - De Mori et al. (2019). The sum of calcitic and dolomitic lime amounts considered as input to the system is 1.604668 kg/kg of canola, equivalent to 2,2 ton/ha. It is asssumed that application occur every 3 years (amount of lime/3), and 32.9% of the amount is alocated to canola, considering the rate of land occupation by canola in the croping system.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 016:Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities / 0161:Support activities for crop production 7.3 m27.3 m2
General comment Agricultural operation according to Chagas et al.(2018), and productivity 1371kg/ha (Conab, 2019)
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 016:Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities / 0161:Support activities for crop production 29.2 m229.2 m2
General comment Agricultural operation according to Chagas et al.(2018) and productivity 1371kg/ha (Conab, 2019). It was considered at least four aplications/ha/year.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 016:Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities / 0161:Support activities for crop production 0.0278993 kg0.0278993 kg
General comment Amount for typical system according to "Levantamento de tecnologias empregadas no cultivo de canola pelos produtores do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Minas Gerais" - De Mori et al. (2019).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 202:Manufacture of other chemical products / 2021:Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products 5.47E-6 kg5.47E-6 kg
General comment One of the most aplied inseticides to canola according to Marsaro Junior et al. (2019) - Lambda-cialotrin There is no specific entrance in the data base. Calculation considering: Active ingredient 250 g/L; dose 0.03 l/ha = 7.5 g/ha https://s3.sa-east-1.amazonaws.com/bd-sp.canaldapeca.com.br/Terraverde/Bulas/09-04-2020/100476.PDF (5.47E-6 kg/kg canola)
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from air 1.260036761 kg1.260036761 kg
General comment CO2 absorbed during photosyntesis. See "3.1 CO2 from the Atmosphere" in Nemececk & Schnetzer (2011). Assuming yield 1371 kg/ha; 3 kg/ of seeds/ ha for sowing. For the sake of comparance, rapeseed in temperate countries at ecoinvent v. 3.7.1 varies from 1.58 to 1.90.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Resource / land 7.294 m27.294 m2
General comment Amount for typical system according to More et al. (2019) and canola productivity of 1371 kg/ha (Conab, 2019).
Elementary flow
Resources / Resources from biosphere 24.000246 MJ24.000246 MJ
General comment Calorific value based on rapeseed dataset at Ecoinvent v.3.7 database - rape seed production | rape seed | Cutoff, U - RoW.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Resource / land 2.407 m2*a2.407 m2*a
General comment Land occupation is estimated to be 120 days considering a cropping system where canola occupies the land as a second crop, resulting in application of a 0.33 index for the calculation.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Resource / land 7.294 m27.294 m2
General comment Amount for typical system according to More et al. (2019) and canola productivity of 1371 kg/ha (Conab, 2019).
Product flow
B:Mining and quarrying / 08:Other mining and quarrying / 081:Quarrying of stone, sand and clay / 0810:Quarrying of stone, sand and clay 0.012798 kg0.012798 kg
General comment Amount for typical system according to "Levantamento de tecnologias empregadas no cultivo de canola pelos produtores do Rio Grande do Sul, Paraná e Minas Gerais" - De Mori et al. (2019). It is asssumed that application of 0.1167 kg /kg canola occurs every 3 years (amount of gypsum/3), andand 32.9% of the amount is alocated to canola, considering the rate of land occupation by canola in the croping system.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 016:Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities / 0164:Seed processing for propagation 0.0021 kg0.0021 kg
General comment It was assumed a global process for seed production for sowing. Considering an average of 3 kg/ha for sowing according to De Mori et al., 2019), and productivity of 1371 kg/ha (Conab, 2019).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 202:Manufacture of other chemical products / 2021:Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products 2.18813E-7 kg2.18813E-7 kg
General comment Most aplied inseticide for seed treatment of canola according to Marsaro Junior et al. (2019): Fipronil. Although not include at Agrofit (2012), with no specific recomendation for canola, calculation was made based on recomendation for forage seeds, wich have similar weigh, considering: Active ingredient in commercial product:250 g/L Dose: 10 g/100 kg of seeds. https://www.nortox.com.br/wp-content/uploads/2017/06/BULA-Fipronil-Nortox_VER-04-20.03.2019.pdf Assuming 3 kg of seeds/ha (De Mori et al. (2019) and productivity of 1371 kg/ha. (2.18813E-7 kg/kg canola)
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 202:Manufacture of other chemical products / 2021:Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products 7.0E-5 kg7.0E-5 kg
General comment One of the most aplied- post-emergent herbicide to canola according to Marsaro Junior et al. (2019): Clethodim Amounts caculated according to Agrofit: Sistema de Agrotóxicos Fitossanitários Active ingredient: 240 g/L Dose: 0.40 L /ha(file:///C:/Users/Usuario/Downloads/F396571064_Bula_Agrofit_Cletodim%20CCAB%20240%20EC_05.08.2021.pdf) (7.00E-5 kg/kg canola).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 202:Manufacture of other chemical products / 2021:Manufacture of pesticides and other agrochemical products 1.4E-5 kg1.4E-5 kg
General comment One of the most applied inseticides to canola according to Marsaro Junior et al. (2019): Diflubenzuron Amounts caculated conisidering; Active ingredient in commercial product: 240 g/L Dose 0.08 L/ (19, 2 g/ha) https://s3.sa-east-1.amazonaws.com/bd-sp.canaldapeca.com.br/Terraverde/Bulas/09-04-2020/100476.PDF (1.4000E-5 kg/kg canola)
Product flow
7.00218E-4 kg7.00218E-4 kg
General comment Applied as pre-emergent to control weeds and possible regrowth of soybean as the first crop. Assuming dose 2.0 L/ha as used by (Bandeira et al.; 2013) Ingredient ativo: 480g/L, according to Agrolink.com.br/agrolinkfito/produto/glifostao-atanor_5458.html, acessed in 06-2021. Glifosato (7.00218E10-4 kg/kg canola)
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Resource / in water 5.835E-4 m35.835E-4 m3
General comment Water used to dilute pesticides in a rate of 200 liters/ha/ application/year. It was considered at least four aplications per year. (800 l/1371 kg)

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / agricultural 8.15886E-6 kg8.15886E-6 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to soil were calculated as recommended by Canals (2003), and considering concentrations in mineral fertilisers and gypsum according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 8.15886E-10 kg8.15886E-10 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to surface water were calculated as according to Canals (2003), considering an emission factor to water of 0.0001 regarding emission to soil. Concentrations of heavy metals in mineral fertilisers and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / agricultural 6.48427E-7 kg6.48427E-7 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to soil are calculated as recommended by Canals (2003), and conisdering concentrations in mineral fertilisers and gypsumaccording to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / soil / agricultural 7.11693E-6 kg7.11693E-6 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to soil are calculated as recommended by Canals (2003), and conisdering concentrations in mineral fertilisers, lime and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / agricultural 3.41969E-5 kg3.41969E-5 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to soil r were calculated as recommended by Canals (2003), and considering concentrations in mineral fertilisers, lime and gypsum according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 3.41969E-9 kg3.41969E-9 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to surface water were calculated as according to Canals (2003), considering an emission factor to water of 0.0001 regarding emission to soil. Concentrations of heavy metals in mineral fertilisers, lime and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / low population density 0.815252804 kg0.815252804 kg
General comment Emissions of CO2 to air from limestone and urea application based on IPCC (2006). Considering 120.5 kg of urea/ha (emission fator 0.2); 1670 kg/ha dolomitic lime (emission fator 0.13); 530 kg calcitic lime (emission fator 0.12).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 7.11693E-10 kg7.11693E-10 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to surface water were calculated as according to Canals (2003), considering an emission factor to water of 0.0001 regarding emission to soil. Concentrations of heavy metals in mineral fertilisers, llime and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / low population density 0.007373398 kg0.007373398 kg
General comment Considering urea as a N fertilizer aplication, as recomended by Mori et al. (2019). NH3 emissions from applied mineral fertilisers are calculated according to Nemecek and Schnetzer (2012), coonsidering emmission factor for urea 0.15 for soils with pH<=7 (brazilian conditions).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 3.4E-5 kg3.4E-5 kg
General comment Calculation considering: Soil eroded: 130 kg/ha, according to Guth (2010), for canola experimental crop. Average soil surface P contend: 0.00095 (from Folegatti-Matsura e Picolo (2018) for grain brazilian inventories) Due to phosphorus low mobility in Brazilian soils, its emissions through leaching and run-off were disregarded (Novais & Smyth, 1999). Only P emission by water erosion through surface water was considered, as in "2.3.3 Phorsphorous Emissions Through Water Erosion to Surface Water" Nemecek and Schnetzer (2011).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / low population density 0.002459574 kg0.002459574 kg
General comment Considering total N fertilizer aplication of 55.5 kg/ha/year, as recomended by De Mori et al. (2019), and nitrogen contained in the crop residues" Ncr = 120 kg N/ha. Emissions of N2O to the air. See "2.4 EMISSIONS OF N2O TO THE AIR" in Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 8.11927E-10 kg8.11927E-10 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to surface water were calculated as according to Canals (2003), considering an emission factor to water of 0.0001 regarding emission to soil. Concentrations of heavy metals in mineral fertilisers, lime and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / low population density 5.17E-4 kg5.17E-4 kg
General comment Considering productivity o 1371 kg of canola/ha Emissions of NOx to the air. See "2.5 EMISSIONS OF NOX TO THE AIR" in Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011)=0.21* kg of N2O emmited.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / surface water 5.8E-4 m35.8E-4 m3
General comment It was considered emmission of all the water used for pesticides dilution (800 liters).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / ground water 0.133333541 kg0.133333541 kg
General comment Considering urea as a N fertilizer, as recomended by De Mori et al. (2019) See "2.2.2 The SQCB-NO3 model" in Nemececk & Schnetzer (2011), as "SALCA-NO3 model" has "Geographic scope of application: Europe". Considering: U= estimated as 172 Kg N/ha for Nitrogen uptake estimated form Castro e Boareto (2004)for canola; Norg in soil =10t/ha or soils at Rio Grande do Suk state (Folegatti-Matsura e Picoli (2018); root depth=0.30 m according to Rocha et al. (2017) for canola; preciptation of 1788 mm/year for Rio Grande do Sul state (Folegatti-Matsura e Picoli; 2018)
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 6.48427E-11 kg6.48427E-11 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to surface water were calculated as according to Canals (2003), considering an emission factor to water of 0.0001 regarding emission to soil. Concentrations of heavy metals in mineral fertilisers and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / agricultural 8.11927E-6 kg8.11927E-6 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to soil are calculated as recommended by Canals (2003), and conisdering concentrations in mineral fertilisers, lime and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / soil / agricultural 1.56115E-5 kg1.56115E-5 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to soil calculated as recommended by Canals (2003), and conisdering concentrations in mineral fertilisers and gypsum according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy metals can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 1.56115E-9 kg1.56115E-9 kg
General comment Emissions of heavy metals to surface water were calculated as according to Canals (2003), considering an emission factor to water of 0.0001 regarding emission to soil. Concentrations of heavy metals in mineral fertilisers and gypsum are according to Sugawara (2012). Although part of applied heavy can be exported through the harvested grains, for this study this amount is not be considered.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 011:Growing of non-perennial crops / 0111:Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds 1.0 kg1.0 kg
General comment 1 kg of canola produced. Biomass residues left on the field.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / agricultural 1.4E-5 kg1.4E-5 kg
General comment "All pesticides applied for crop production were assumed to end up as emissions to the soil. The amounts of pesticides used as inputs were thus simultaneously calculated as outputs (emissions to agricultural soil)", as recomended by Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), "2.9 EMISSIONS OF PESTICIDES TO AGRICULTURAL SOIL" (page 21).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / agricultural 7.0E-5 kg7.0E-5 kg
General comment "All pesticides applied for crop production were assumed to end up as emissions to the soil. The amounts of pesticides used as inputs were thus simultaneously calculated as outputs (emissions to agricultural soil)", as recomended by Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), "2.9 EMISSIONS OF PESTICIDES TO AGRICULTURAL SOIL" (page 21).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / agricultural 2.18813E-7 kg2.18813E-7 kg
General comment "All pesticides applied for crop production were assumed to end up as emissions to the soil. The amounts of pesticides used as inputs were thus simultaneously calculated as outputs (emissions to agricultural soil)", as recomended by Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), "2.9 EMISSIONS OF PESTICIDES TO AGRICULTURAL SOIL" (page 21).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / soil / agricultural 5.47E-6 kg5.47E-6 kg
General comment "All pesticides applied for crop production were assumed to end up as emissions to the soil. The amounts of pesticides used as inputs were thus simultaneously calculated as outputs (emissions to agricultural soil)", as recomended by Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), "2.9 EMISSIONS OF PESTICIDES TO AGRICULTURAL SOIL" (page 21).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / soil / agricultural 7.00218E-4 kg7.00218E-4 kg
General comment "All pesticides applied for crop production were assumed to end up as emissions to the soil. The amounts of pesticides used as inputs were thus simultaneously calculated as outputs (emissions to agricultural soil)", as recomended by Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), "2.9 EMISSIONS OF PESTICIDES TO AGRICULTURAL SOIL" (page 21).