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Process Data set: Milk production, from cow, semi-confined system, Zona da Mata region (en) en

Key Data Set Information
Location BR-MG
Geographical representativeness description Zona da Mata Region - Minas Gerais State of Brazil.
Reference year 2020
Name
Milk production, from cow, semi-confined system, Zona da Mata region
Classification
Class name : Hierarchy level
  • ILCD: ICV_Leite_e_Biogas
General comment on data set Raw Girolando cow milk production, in semi-confined system in the region of Zona da Mata (Minas Gerais, Brazil). The functional unit used was 1 kg of milk from Girolando cattle, produced in the semiconfined system, with an average of 3.40% protein and 3.89% fat. The dataset was built based on primary data collected with owners and managers of 04 (four) farms & companies in the same region. The consumptions, products and emissions values were calculated using the average monthly records for 2019 year. Secondary data was used to complement this dataset for the calculations of air realeases from combustion of diesel. The following processes and activities were covered in the product system: all relevant inputs/outputs flows for the raw materials reception and storage, pasture and herd handling. Authors of this data set are: Cassiano Moro Piekarski (Dr.), UTFPR, piekarski@utfpr.edu.br | Fabio Neves Puglieri (Dr.), UTFPR, puglieri@utfpr.edu.br | Rodrigo Salvador (Me.), UTFPR, salvador.rodrigors@gmail.com | Alyne Martins Maciel (Me.), UFJF, alynemmaciel@hotmail.com | Murillo Vetroni Barros (Me.), UTFPR, murillo.vetroni@gmail.com | Vanessa Romário de Paula (Esp.), EMBRAPA, vanessa.paula@embrapa.br | Marcelo Henrique Otenio (Dr.), EMBRAPA, marcelo.otenio@embrapa.br. Collaborators to this inventory are: Antonio Carlos de Francisco (Dr.), UTFPR, acfrancisco@utfpr.edu.br | Daniel Poletto Tesser (Dr.), UTFPR, danieltesser@utfpr.edu.br | Mariane Bigarelli Ferreira (Me.), UTFPR, marianebigarellif@gmail.com | Karen Godoi van Mierlo (Eng.), UTFPR, karen.mierlo@gmail.com | Diogo Aparecido Lopes Silva (Dr.), UFSCar, diogo.apls@ufscar.br | Daiane Vitória da Silva (Eng.), UFSCar, daianevitoriasilva@yahoo.com.br | Nathan Oliveira Barros (Dr.), UFJF, nathan.barros@ufjf.edu.br. Third-party reviewers are: Fernando Rodrigues Teixeira Dias, EMBRAPA, fernando.dias@embrapa.br | Luciano Brito Rodrigues, UESB, rodrigueslb@uesb.edu.br | Cristiane de Léis, University of Miami, cmd337@miami.edu | Júlio Cesar de Carvalho, UFPR, jccarvalho@ufpr.br | Clandio Favarini Ruviaro, UFGD, clandioruviaro@ufgd.edu.br.
Copyright No
Quantitative reference
Reference flow(s)
Time representativeness
Data set valid until 2025
Time representativeness description This inventory is valid for 5 years from the date of origin of the data, since the technology used in Brazil is under development, in contrast to Europe, for instance, region for which an inventory for milk production may be valid for 10 years, due to the stability of technological development in the sector.
Technological representativeness
Technology description including background system The technological scope of the study was considered the semi-confined system, with milking mostly mechanical; manual and automatic cleaning; reproduction by artificial insemination; handling of daily dispersion type manure (50%) and manure deposited in the pasture (50%). The inputs are based on the input of raw material such as feed (direct planting), water, electricity, cleaning material and others. The herd management for the productive system reflects the semi-confined system.
Mathematical model
Variable / parameter Formula Mean value Minimum value Maximum value Uncertainty distribution type Relative StdDev in % General comment
N2O_Emissions 2.12E-4 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the N2O emissions from the use of fertilizers in the milk production system.
Alkaline_detergent 6.55E-4 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the consumption of alkaline detergent by the milk production system.
Ammonium_N2O 5.36E-5 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the value of the ammonia emissions volatilized in the form of N2O (indirect emissions) in the milk production inventory.
N2O_diesel 1.46E-6 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the N2O emissions generated by the burning of diesel in the milk production system.
Water_consumption 7.43 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the water consumed by cattle in the milk production system.
Mineral_supplement_Total mineral_salt +mineral_supplement 0.022019999999999998 % Unit: kg. Dependent parameter created to group similar inputs related to supplementation (mineral salt and mineral supplement), since specific flows for mineral salt were not found in the database. Calculations were performed by adding up mineral salt + mineral supplement.
Dinitrogen_monoxide_total N2O_diesel +Nitrous_oxide_N2O +Ammonium_N2O +N2O_Emissions 3.4046E-4 % Unit: kg. Dependent parameter created to group all N2O emissions from the inventory. Calculations were performed by adding up the ammonia emmissions volatilized in the form of N2O (indirect emission) + N2O emissions from volatile nitrous oxides + NO2 emissions from diesel + NO2 emissions from fertilizers.
Acid_detergent 2.66E-4 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the consumption of acid detergent by the milk production system.
Nitrous_oxide_N2O 7.34E-5 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the value of the N2O emissions from the volatile nitrous oxide emissions (direct emission) from waste management (manure) in the milk production system.
mineral_salt 0.00532 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the consumption of the mineral salt by the milk production system.
Methane_biogenic_total methane_biogenic_manure +Methane_biogenic_enteric 0.035812 % Unit: kg. Dependent parameter created to group all of the flows of biogenic methane emissions. Calculations were performed by adding up the flows of biogenic methane emissions from the enteric fermentation of cattle + biogenic methane emissions from the management of cattle waste.
Methane_biogenic_manure 5.12E-4 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the biogenic methane emissions from the management of cattle waste in the milk production system.
Cleaning_water 5.61 % Unit: m3. Input parameter created to enter the water consumption for cleaning the milking equipment used in the milk production system.
Methane_biogenic_enteric 0.0353 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the biogenic methane emissions from the enteric fermentation of cattle in the milk production system.
mineral_supplement 0.0167 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the consumption of the mineral supplement by the milk production system.
Water_Total water_consumption +Cleaning_water 13.04 % Unit: m3. Dependent parameter created to group the total water consumption, both for cleaning the milking equipment and drinking water for cattle. Calculations were performed by adding up the water used for cleaning + amout of water consumed by cattle.
Neutral_detergent 6.91E-4 % Unit: kg. Input parameter created to enter the consumption of neutral detergent used for cleaning the milking equipment in the milk production system.
Soap_Detergents_Total neutral_detergent +alkaline_detergent +acid_detergent 0.001612 % Unit: kg. Dependent parameter created to group the total detergent inputs (cleaning materials), since no specific flows were found in the database for each type of this input (acid, alkaline, and neutral). Calculations were performed by adding up the inputs of acid detergent + alkaline detergent + neutral detergent.
temp_olca_param18 water_Total 13.04 %
temp_olca_param19 methane_biogenic_total 0.035812 %
temp_olca_param20 dinitrogen_monoxide_total 3.4046E-4 %
temp_olca_param21 mineral_supplement_Total 0.022019999999999998 %
temp_olca_param22 soap_Detergents_Total 0.001612 %
LCI method and allocation
Type of data set Unit process, black box
LCI Method Principle Other
Deviation from LCI method principle / explanations Attributional method
Modelling constants No allocation rules were used for this dataset, as well as any of the transportation activities for the inputs. This is a G2G product system type.
Data sources, treatment and representativeness
Data cut-off and completeness principles Input flows with less than 1% mass representativeness were disregarded from the system boundaries. Cut-off rules were used for: (i) direct CO2 emissions due to the land use and transformation, since it was assumed there was no transformation in the land in the last 20 years for the geographical scope under study and in accordance with IPCC (OGLE et al., 2019). (ii) transportation activities were not modelled. (iii) only the input and output emissions of heavy metals from fertilizers were taken into account for the inventory construction.
Deviation from data cut-off and completeness principles / explanations None.
Data selection and combination principles Primary data were collected for the semi-confined production system. All inputs were measured. For outputs,data for the flows “milk” and “meat” were measured, and the remaining output flows were calculated.
Deviation from data selection and combination principles / explanations None.
Data treatment and extrapolations principles All the input/output data were converted to the functional unit of 1 kg milk of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM). All the collected input/output flows were compared with 02 prior milk production datasets available in literature and LCA databases as follows: - SAMSON, R.; LAFONTAINE, M.; SAAD, R.; TOM, M.; CHARRON-DOUCET, F.; CLEMENT, E.; COUTURE J.M.; LAMARCHE, V.; GILBERT, D.; REVERET, J.P. Environmental and socioeconomic life cycle assessment of canadian milk. Quantis Canada, AGECO and CIRAIG for Dairy Farmers of Canada, 1-253. 2012. - milk production, from cow_GLO_2011_Undefined (Ecoinvent 3.6)
Data source(s) used for this data set
Sampling procedure Average data for historical series of data from 2019. All the primary data were 'in loco' mesuared, or calculated based on reports of consumptions of resources and emissions at the milk farm level assuming 04 different representative farms in the region of study.
Data collection period The temporal scope of all inventory data corresponds to the average data for the 01 year of measurements during 2019.
Completeness
Completeness of product model No statement
Commissioner and goal
Project CNPq Grant Number 440165/2019-9. Project title in Brazil: "Inventários de Ciclo de Vida de leite bovino e biogás proveniente de dejetos de bovinocultura de leite".
Intended applications This LCI can be used for any types of LCA studies.
Data entry by
Time stamp (last saved) 2021-06-21T14:38:23.048-03:00
Data set format(s)
Publication and ownership
UUID 8f2dbab3-2da0-4a9c-9be4-f30fd5ab43ff
Date of last revision 2021-05-14T13:57:37.687-03:00
Data set version 00.00.069
Copyright No
Access and use restrictions The data set can be used free of charge by anybody to perform LCA studies, to distribute it to third parties, to convert it to other LCA formats, to develop own data sets, etc.

Inputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Variable Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
0.0274 kg0.0274 kg
General comment Diesel oil used in agricultural machinery (in general, they are 95cv tractors) for transportation and handling of food, inputs, animals, waste, etc. and production and handling of pasture. The values were obtained through the average consumption of 4 properties representative of the inventory production system.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Resource / biotic 1.06 m2*a1.06 m2*a
General comment Land occupation (pasture): The animals consume daily the following amounts of PASTO (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (1.5 kg), dry cow (7.4 kg), heifer (3.6 kg), calf (0 kg).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms / 2011:Manufacture of basic chemicals 2.6E-4 kg2.6E-4 kg
General comment The sanitizer consumption values were calculated through the average monthly consumption for the year 2019 of 4 properties representative of the milk production system in the Zona da Mata region [MG, BR]. Cleaning and disinfection of milking equipment and tanks takes place twice a day (after the end of the 2 daily milking), in order not to increase the microbial load of the milk.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 011:Growing of non-perennial crops / 0119:Growing of other non-perennial crops 0.757 kg0.757 kg
General comment Maize Silage: The food mass values were calculated in dry matter, considering an average diet representative for this product system. According to technical data, the following distribution was considered as medium and representative herd: for every 100 cows in lactation there are 21 dry cows, 50 heifers, and 40 calves. Each lactating cow in the semi-confined system produces, on average representative for the scope of the LCI, 18 liters of milk per day. The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of MAIZE SILAGE (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (10.50 kg), dry cow (5.60 kg), heifer (4.65 kg), calf (0.62 kg).
Product flow
0.0148 kg0.0148 kg
General comment The food mass values were calculated in dry matter, considering an average diet representative for this product system. According to technical data, the following distribution was considered as medium and representative herd: for every 100 cows in lactation there are 21 dry cows, 50 heifers, and 40 calves. Each lactating cow in the semi-confined system produces, on average representative for the scope of the LCI, 18 liters of milk per day. The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of UREA (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (0.21 kg), dry cow (0.10 kg), heifer (0.05 kg), calf (0.05 kg).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 10:Manufacture of food products / 108:Manufacture of prepared animal feeds / 1080:Manufacture of prepared animal feeds temp_olca_param21 1.0 kg0.022019999999999998 kg
General comment Values for mineral salt and mineral feed. The food mass values were calculated in dry matter, considering an average diet representative for this product system. According to technical data, the following distribution was considered as average and representative herd: for every 100 cows in lactation there are 21 dry cows, 50 heifers, and 40 calves. Each lactating cow in the semi-confined system produces, on average representative for the scope of the LCI, 18 liters of milk per day. The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of MINERAL SALT (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (0.08 kg), dry cow (0.04 kg), heifer (0.02 kg), calf (0.02 kg). The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of MINERAL FEED (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (0.24 kg), dry cow (0.12 kg), heifer (0.06 kg), calf (0.06 kg).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 202:Manufacture of other chemical products / 2023:Manufacture of soap and detergents, cleaning and polishing preparations, pe temp_olca_param22 1.0 kg0.001612 kg
General comment Consumption values were calculated through the average monthly consumption for the year 2019 of 4 properties representative of the milk production system in the Zona da Mata region [MG, BR]. Neutral detergent: The cleaning and disinfection of milking equipment and tanks occurs 2 times a day (after the end of the 2 daily milking), in order not to increase the microbial load of the milk. Alkaline detergent: the cleaning and disinfection of milking equipment and tanks occurs 2 times a day (after the end of the 2 daily milking), in order not to increase the microbial load of the milk. Acid detergent: cleaning and disinfection of milking equipment and tanks occurs 2 times a day (after the end of the 2 daily milking), in order not to increase the microbial load of the milk.
Product flow
0.15876 MJ0.15876 MJ
General comment The values were calculated by means of the average monthly consumption, to obtain the total value spent per year, for the year 2019 of 4 properties representative of the milk production system in the Zona da Mata region [MG, BR].
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms / 2012:Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 0.00837 kg0.00837 kg
General comment The fertilizer values used were obtained through the average consumption of 4 representative properties of the semiconfined milk production system in the Zona da Mata region [MG, BR]. The data are from the 20-05-20 Fertilizer, applied on 70 hectares of pasture.
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 20:Manufacture of chemicals and chemical products / 201:Manufacture of basic chemicals, fertilizers and nitrogen compounds, plastics and synthetic rubber in primary forms / 2012:Manufacture of fertilizers and nitrogen compounds 0.00227 kg0.00227 kg
General comment The fertilizer values used were obtained through the average consumption of 4 representative properties of the semi-confined milk production system in the Zona da Mata region [MG, BR]. The data are from the 20-05-20 Fertilizer, applied on 70 hectares of pasture.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 016:Support activities to agriculture and post-harvest crop activities / 0161:Support activities for crop production 0.0083 kg0.0083 kg
General comment The fertilizer values used were obtained through the average consumption of 4 representative properties of the semi-confined milk production system in the Zona da Mata region [MG, BR]. The data are from the 20-05-20 Fertilizer, applied on 70 hectares of pasture.
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 10:Manufacture of food products / 104:Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats / 1040:Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 0.0427 kg0.0427 kg
General comment The food mass values were calculated in dry matter, considering an average diet representative for this product system. According to technical data, the following distribution was considered as average and representative herd: for every 100 cows in lactation there are 21 dry cows, 50 heifers, and 40 calves. Each lactating cow in the semi-confined system produces, on average representative for the scope of the LCI, 18 liters of milk per day. The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of cotton seed (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (0.60 kg), dry cow (0.30 kg), heifer (0.15 kg), calf (0.15 kg).
Product flow
C:Manufacturing / 10:Manufacture of food products / 104:Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats / 1040:Manufacture of vegetable and animal oils and fats 0.132 kg0.132 kg
General comment The food mass values were calculated in dry matter, considering an average diet representative for this product system. According to technical data, the following distribution was considered as medium and representative herd: for every 100 cows in lactation there are 21 dry cows, 50 heifers, and 40 calves. Each lactating cow in the semi-confined system produces, on average representative for the scope of the LCI, 18 liters of milk per day. The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of soybean meal (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (1.87 kg), dry cow (0.94 kg), heifer (0.47 kg), calf (0.47 kg).
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 012:Growing of perennial crops / 0129:Growing of other perennial crops 0.203 kg0.203 kg
General comment The food mass values were calculated in dry matter, considering an average diet representative for this product system. According to technical data, the following distribution was considered as average and representative herd: for every 100 cows in lactation there are 21 dry cows, 50 heifers, and 40 calves. Each lactating cow in the semi-confined system produces, on average representative for the scope of the LCI, 18 liters of milk per day. The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of CAPIAÇU SILAGE (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (2.81 kg), dry cow (1.50 kg), heifer (1.25 kg), calf (0.17 kg).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Resources from water / in water temp_olca_param18 1.0 kg13.04 kg
General comment Water consumption: The water is obtained through mine and well, being used in a representative way in this production system for the consumption (dessedentation) of the animals, total of 5099415 liters/year (considering that for 100 cows in lactation, it has 21 dry cows, 50 heifers and 40 calves, with an average consumption per animal category of respectively 115 liters, 41 liters, 25 liters and 9 liters). Water for cleaning: The water is obtained through mine and well, being used in a representative way in this production system for cleaning (considering that for 100 cows in lactation, it has 21 dry cows, 50 heifers and 40 calves, with an average consumption of 50 liters per animal/day).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Resource / land 1.28 m2*a1.28 m2*a
General comment Land occupation (herd management): The values were calculated by means of the average of 4 properties representative of the milk production system in the Zona da Mata region (MG, BR), considering the total area destined for milk production on the property, except the pasture area, and food production (such as silage) that is used for herd management.
Product flow
A:Agriculture, forestry and fishing / 01:Crop and animal production, hunting and related service activities / 011:Growing of non-perennial crops / 0111:Growing of cereals (except rice), leguminous crops and oil seeds 0.301 kg0.301 kg
General comment Maize bran: The animals mentioned consume daily the following amounts of MAIZE BRAN (kg, in dry mass): lactating cow (4.25 kg), dry cow (2.13 kg), heifer (1.06 kg), calf (1.06 kg).

Outputs

Type of flow Classification Flow Variable Mean amount Resulting amount Minimum amount Maximum amount
Product flow
1.0 kg1.0 kg
General comment kg of fat and protein corrected milk (FPCM). The correction calculation was performed using the following formula: (density in kg/l) * (0.1226 * (% fat)+ 0.0776 * % protein)+0.2534). An average density of 1.032 kg/l was considered.
Product flow
0.0146 kg0.0146 kg
General comment For the semiconfined system, a cow has an average of 5 lactations throughout its life. Each lactation lasts an average of 305 days (10 months), with an average of 90 days dry. From the total of 100 cows in lactation on the farm, 20 are considered discarded per year. When sent to slaughter, the animal weighs, on average, 500 kg.
Product flow
0.00629 kg0.00629 kg
General comment The manure is deposited in the corral, in the sequence a scraping occurs, and the waste is applied to the silage, representative of the system, but, as the silage is outside the boundary of the study, only half of the generated waste was considered (50%). Each animal produces a daily amount of manure that corresponds to approximately 10% of its weight. Of this amount, 50% is captured and sent to silage and 50% is deposited directly in the pasture.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / unspecified 0.0248 kg0.0248 kg
General comment The emission of pollutants is generated by the diesel engine, the average fuel being the S50 diesel. Currently Brazil follows the EURO 5 system (regulatory standard in order to reduce pollutant emissions for this engine). Emissions were calculated using the GHG Procotol tool, for mobile combustion, considering the calculation of emissions by type of fuel (commercial diesel oil). The diesel consumption values were obtained through the average consumption of 4 properties representative of the inventory production system for the production of 1 liter of milk.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / unspecified 0.00267 kg0.00267 kg
General comment The emission of pollutants is generated by the diesel engine, the average fuel being the S50 diesel. Currently Brazil follows the EURO 5 system (regulatory standard in order to reduce pollutant emissions for this engine). The emissions were calculated using the tool GHG Procotol (http://ferramenta.ghgprotocolbrasil.com.br/index.php?r=site/ferramenta), for mobile combustion, considering the calculation of emissions by type of fuel (commercial diesel oil). The diesel consumption values were obtained through the average consumption of 4 properties representative of the inventory production system for the production of 1 liter of milk.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to air / unspecified temp_olca_param19 1.0 kg0.035812 kg
General comment Methane emissions due to management of waste treated by anaerobic digestion in biodigester systems with subsequent digestate storage in open lagoon. The calculations were based on the methodology of IPCC (2019) - Chapter 10 - Tier 2.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / unspecified 1.46E-6 kg1.46E-6 kg
General comment The emission of pollutants is generated by the diesel engine, the average fuel being the S50 diesel. Currently Brazil follows the EURO 5 system (regulatory standard in order to reduce pollutant emissions for this engine). Emissions were calculated using the GHG Procotol tool, for mobile combustion, considering the calculation of emissions by type of fuel (commercial diesel oil). The diesel consumption values were obtained through the average consumption of 4 properties representative of the inventory production system for the production of 1 liter of milk.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / unspecified temp_olca_param20 1.0 kg3.4046E-4 kg
General comment Emissions of N2O (diesel): The emission of pollutants is generated by the diesel engine, the average fuel being the S50 diesel. Emissions of Nitrous Oxide (NO2) (direct emission): nitrous oxide emissions, due to waste management, of all categories (lactating cow, dry cow, heifer in prepartum state, heifer bigger than one year), heifer between three and twelve months, and heifer smaller than three months). The calculations were based on IPCC methodology (2019) - chapter 10, Tier 2. Emissions of Volatilized Ammonia in the form of NO2 (indirect emission): ammonia emissions by volatilization in the form of NO2, due to waste management, of all categories. The calculations were based on the methodology of IPCC (2019) - chapter 10, Tier 2.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 5.14E-5 kg5.14E-5 kg
General comment Nitrous oxide emissions by leaching, due to waste management, of all categories (lactating cow, dry cow, heifer and calf). waste management is performed 50% by daily dispersion and 50% is deposited in the pasture. The calculations were based on the methodology of IPCC (2019) - chapter 10, Tier 2.
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 0.00141 kg0.00141 kg
General comment Nitrate (NO3-N) emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, to groundwater. The emissions were calculated according to: Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), (see page 12).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 0.0 kg0.0 kg
General comment Cadmium emissions due to the use of fertilizers for surface water resulted in a value of -1.76E-11, considered insignificant compered to the other flows in this inventory. Negative values can be considered depletion of natural resources. Those values are a result of calculations based on the available literature and bare the respective uncertainty. Therefore, in-site measurements might differ. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 0.0 kg0.0 kg
General comment Copper emissions due to the use of fertilizers for surface water resulted in a value of -2.74E-11, considered insignificant compered to the other flows in this inventory. Negative values can be considered depletion of natural resources. Those values are a result of calculations based on the available literature and bare the respective uncertainty. Therefore, in-site measurements might differ. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 5.75E-11 kg5.75E-11 kg
General comment Zinc emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, for surface water. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 3.0E-12 kg3.0E-12 kg
General comment Lead emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, for surface water. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 1.72E-11 kg1.72E-11 kg
General comment Nickel emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, for surface water. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / unspecified 4.71E-12 kg4.71E-12 kg
General comment Chromium emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, for surface water. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / unspecified 0.0 kg0.0 kg
General comment Cadmium emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, to the soil resulted in a value of -1.75E-07, considered insignificant compered to the other flows in this inventory. Negative values can be considered depletion of natural resources. Those values are a result of calculations based on the available literature and bare the respective uncertainty. Therefore, in-site measurements might differ. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / unspecified 5.75E-7 kg5.75E-7 kg
General comment Zinc emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, to the soil. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / unspecified 0.0 kg0.0 kg
General comment Copper emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, to the soil, resulted in a value of -2.74E-07, considered insignificant compered to the other flows in this inventory. Negative values can be considered depletion of natural resources. Those values are a result of calculations based on the available literature and bare the respective uncertainty. Therefore, in-site measurements might differ. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / unspecified 3.0E-8 kg3.0E-8 kg
General comment Lead emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, to the soil. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / unspecified 1.72E-7 kg1.72E-7 kg
General comment Nickel emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, to the soil. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to soil / unspecified 4.71E-8 kg4.71E-8 kg
General comment Chromium emissions, due to the use of fertilizers, to the soil. Emissions were calculated according to: CANALS (2003).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to air / high population density 4.45E-5 kg4.45E-5 kg
General comment NOx emissions due to the use of fertilizers. Emissions were calculated according to: Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), (see page 18).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / Emission to water / ground water 6.33E-6 kg6.33E-6 kg
General comment Phosphate emissions (in P form), due to the use of fertilizers, to groundwater. The emissions were calculated according to: Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), (see page 16).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 1.67E-5 kg1.67E-5 kg
General comment Phosphate missions (P-shaped), due to the use of fertilizers, for surface water. The emissions were calculated according to: Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), (see page 17).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / water / surface water 5.46E-4 kg5.46E-4 kg
General comment Phosphorus emissions due to the use of fertilizers for surface water. Emissions were calculated according to: Nemecek & Schnetzer (2011), (see page 17).
Elementary flow
Elementary flows / air / unspecified 0.00355 kg0.00355 kg
General comment Direct ammonia emissions from the application of mineral and organic fertilizers (manure from the milk production system's own animals) in the pasture area. Emissions were determined using the Agrammon 5.1.4 Single Farm Model (v2748 2020-02-12). Source of calculation media: KUPPER & HÄNI (2020).