|
General comment Cradle-to-gate LCI for 1 kg of whey 30% at factory gate, bulk (no packaging), representative of southern Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul). The system includes milk production/collection, dairy industry at regional dairies, whey concentration (UF/MF/RO, evaporation); site utilities (electricity, steam/boiler, refrigeration), CIP, internal logistics, and wastewater treatment. Packaging, distribution, use and end-of-life are excluded. Allocation at the ingredient plant is mass-based. Modeled as a partially aggregated inventory (black-box gate-to-gate with linked upstream).
Primary data: full-year 2023 site-specific operations (energy, steam, water, chemicals/CIP, refrigeration make-up, WWTP, on-site emissions, inbound whey logistics).
Secondary data: background datasets (Brazilian grid/fuels/transport/chemicals and upstream milk/cheese/whey “market for” processes) consistent with OpenLCA 2.4.1 and ecoinvent 3.9.
Source:
ABNT NBR ISO 14040:2009; 14044:2009; 14067:2023.
IDF Global Carbon Footprint Standard for the Dairy Sector (IDF Bulletin 520/2022).
PCR Dairy Products, 2021:08 v1.0 (International EPD System).
Weidema & Wesnaes (1996) — Data quality indicators (pedigree).
IPCC, Chapter 6. (2019).
Authors: Antonio Carlos de Francisco (email: acfrancisco@utfpr.edu.br); Cassiano Moro Piekarski (email: piekarski@utfpr.edu.br); Daniel Poletto Tesser (email: danieltesser@utfpr.edu.br); Fabio Neves Puglieri (email: puglieri@utfpr.edu.br - correspondent author); Julia Moraes Marinho Ribeiro (email: juliamoraesribeiro@alunos.utfpr.edu.br); Karen Godoi Van Mierlo (email: karen.mierlo@gmail.com); Murillo Vetroni Barros (email: murillo.vetroni@gmail.com); Thierry Ribeiro Tomich (email: thierry.tomich@embrapa.br); Vanessa Romário de Paula (email: vanessa.paula@embrapa.br). |