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General comment The conventional process of charcoal production in rudimentary circular kilns, of the hot-tail type, with low volumetric capacity and low gravimetric yield, when compared to the industrial rectangular kilns. The production of charcoal with these types of kilns is mostly done by small and medium producers and depends on the knowledge of the carbonizer. It represents about 70% of the charcoal production system in Brazil (CGEE, 2015). One of the important characteristics of charcoal suitable for use in the steel industry is the fixed carbon content (% FC), identified in laboratory analysis. However, there is no difference in the production process of charcoal for steelmaking or domestic use. |
